Annotated Bilbliographies
Technology
The author has a bias towards bicycles as he describe them, “...this wonderful new vehicle which doesn’t not require horses.”The author depicts a world where bicycles are the future. Bicycles at this time are becoming increasingly popular due to their easily afforded prices and low maintenance.Because of this using horses as a mean of transportation is becoming less and less popular. The author implores smart and intuitive businessmen to invest in bicycles as their demand grows. He demonstrates his opinion, “The sooner the livery men will consider bicycles as proper livery vehicles the better it will be for the trade.” Why does the author think that businessmen should begin to change their views on transportation and how to make money off of transportation? Well, the author is intelligent enough to come to terms with the fact that the world is progressing, which he shows in this quote, “As the world progresses such changes as this must necessarily come about. People as a whole know what they want, and the livery stable keeper who watches the growing tendencies, will, ere this, have discovered that horses are to a limited extent, being superseded.” One can infer from that quote that the author himself is progressive and is changing along with society.
Bulletin, L. A. W. "What Will the Livery Men Do?" The Courier [Lincoln, Nebraska] 6 July 1895: 7. The Library of Congress. Web. 7 Mar. 2016.
The writer of this article, Robert Tindol, is optimistic about the invention of the fax machine, one of the many inventions displayed at the White City Fair. The writer describes in great detail the process of the new piece of technology and is very enthusiastic about its purposes for the future. This invention had the ability to heavily increase the efficiency of messages by scanning and sending letters by telephone. However, other than that, the writer does not really express much bias about the topic. The writer also adds at the end of the article how the fax machine was constructed. Robert Tindol shares some information about not only the invention, but also about the Scientific Measurements Systems inc. to give the reader some background information about related topics and give them the opportunity to research those topics. In general the article is very informative to the reader so that they are aware of how the fax machine works when they visit the White City. This article is purely information about the fax machine extracted from research and interviewing individuals associated with its invention.
Reyes, Reuben. "World's First 3D Fax Machine." Www.hightechmex.org. The University of Chicago, n.d. Web. 9 Mar. 2016. <http://www.hitechmex.org/self/3D_fax.html>.
International
International
This article about the Paris Fair reels in the readers by first mentioning the tour of the Eiffel Tower that had taken place a few days before so that the readers will be excited to read the first reactions of the Eiffel Tower which was a huge success. It also brings up the french revolution that took place one hundred years ago to spark patriotism in the readers. He also adds details about the flag in the article. The writer of the article explains that the reason there was a party was to thank the constructors, painters, and all the other workers who helped build the fair in Paris. Eiffel showed great respect toward the workers of the fair which is the exact opposite of what the main architects of the Chicago Fair did. The writer wants the readers to feel more connected with Eiffel by mentioning his headaches so that the readers will feel sympathy. It is obvious that all the praise toward Eiffel shows that the writer expresses a huge bias toward him. Afterward, the writer goes on to explain the minor obstacles of the fair that are still underway and bring news about finished products of the fair. The article then talks about the main expositions fair with exciting news to capture the reader's’ attention. The writer maintains an optimistic view of the Paris fair throughout the article by describing many parts of the fair in great detail so that the reader stays interested.
"Europeana Newspapers." Europeana Newspapers. N.p., 3 Nov. 2014. Web. 9 Mar. 2016. <http://www.europeana-newspapers.eu/building-of-the-eiffel-tower-in-historic-newspapers/>.
This article about the Paris Fair reels in the readers by first mentioning the tour of the Eiffel Tower that had taken place a few days before so that the readers will be excited to read the first reactions of the Eiffel Tower which was a huge success. It also brings up the french revolution that took place one hundred years ago to spark patriotism in the readers. He also adds details about the flag in the article. The writer of the article explains that the reason there was a party was to thank the constructors, painters, and all the other workers who helped build the fair in Paris. Eiffel showed great respect toward the workers of the fair which is the exact opposite of what the main architects of the Chicago Fair did. The writer wants the readers to feel more connected with Eiffel by mentioning his headaches so that the readers will feel sympathy. It is obvious that all the praise toward Eiffel shows that the writer expresses a huge bias toward him. Afterward, the writer goes on to explain the minor obstacles of the fair that are still underway and bring news about finished products of the fair. The article then talks about the main expositions fair with exciting news to capture the reader's’ attention. The writer maintains an optimistic view of the Paris fair throughout the article by describing many parts of the fair in great detail so that the reader stays interested.
"Europeana Newspapers." Europeana Newspapers. N.p., 3 Nov. 2014. Web. 9 Mar. 2016. <http://www.europeana-newspapers.eu/building-of-the-eiffel-tower-in-historic-newspapers/>.
Entertainment
Early in American history, newspapers began as early as the18th century with publications of information for the people of the world. Newspapers contained information of interest to individuals such as columns of upcoming shows, venues, and events occurring in the cities. Thousands of newspapers have target audiences of all kind, and has been in constant demand for generations. Under “Preparations for the Carnival” section in the Teller, there is upcoming knowledge of Monday’s ceremonies which will begin with a “grand parade led by the Lewiston Band which will furnish the crowds with continuous band concerts during the week.” People were attracted to the newspapers for their usefulness. The author not only mentions the entertaining fact that a festivity will take place, but also mentions the newest technological advances that will be present. The “new automobile will be in line with a lot of ladies,” so that many people will attend and view this newest addition. It is important for the communities of societies to have newspapers to further advance the public’s inclusion in the latest social and entertaining shows. People would crave for newspapers to advance them in politics, social issues, and information of upcoming events. Comics would provide a satirical relief to the tired and lonely, as well as amuse many on a weekly basis. Journalism was one of the first forms of entertainment, which soon developed into many different sources of revenue. This was a much needed product, at a time of revitalization of societies.
"The Lewiston Teller" The Lewiston Teller. C. A. Foresman Publisher. May 29, 1903: 2-7. The Library of Congress. Web. 7 Mar. 2016.
<http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn89055112/1903-05-29/ed-1/seq-1/>.
During the late 1800s to the early 1900s, people craved entertainment as a way to escape the workplace, and as an activity they could pursue during their leisure time. The author mentions that “within cities, people attended vaudeville shows, which would feature a multitude of acts.” Saturdays become more of a holiday for exhausted workers, and explains the reason why we call in the weekend. Shows consisted of cultural experiences and viewings, as well as audience filled theaters. Motion pictures, such as Nickelodeon, became longer and increased their productivity and involvement in people's daily lives. “Initially the movies were novelties in the kinetoscope viewers, until they became acts in their own right on the vaudeville stage.” Circling in the realm of the entertainment business, World’s fairs became a hit introduction into the American society. “The first major one was the Philadelphia Centennial Exposition in 1876, which was followed by fairs in Chicago (1893), Atlanta (1895), Nashville (1897), Omaha (1898), Buffalo (1901), and St. Louis (1904).” World’s fairs consisted of thousands of people’s attendance, and was a way for individuals to learn about the world. Fairs included the best vendors, shows, and newest technological advances.Many people attended the vendors and shows to watch and learn something they’ve never seen or known before. People want to be amazed and entertained, and because of that, they are constantly given that gift with the progression of entertainment.
"America At Leisure" The George Kleine Collection [Clairemont Theater, New York] 1894 to 1915: 1. The Library of Congress. Web. 7 Mar. 2016. <https://loc.gov/collections/america-at-work-and-leisure-1894-to-1915/articles-and-essays/america-at-leisure/>.
Sport
The author is obviously a baseball fanatic and has plenty of experience as both a player and umpire, he even admits to this in this particular passage from the article, “If the general public would repose the same confidence in the umpire (and he is justly entitled to it) that they do in the players the umpire’s task would be comparatively an easy one. He has the hardest duty to perform of any person engaged in the game. I speak from many long years of experience both as a player and umpire.” This gives him the authority to comment and write about the state of baseball as not only a pastime but as a business. He goes into great detail in his analysis of the business side of baseball in 1897 and how it affects not only the players but also the managers and at times even the fans. This is shown throughout this article; for example, “What managers are figuring on chiefly is the fact that there is no election this year to distract attention from baseball. Last year, beginning in September, the election excitement, the afternoon parades, etc, kept people away from the ball grounds. But in spite of this fact, the season was a little better than the season of 1895. Now that we have gone through the election, there should be even a greater improvement in the business of 1897.” The author seems to care a lot about the growth of baseball’s popularity amongst the younger generation and kids of the era. He even admits to answering every single letter he gets from a child regarding baseball, the rule changes, the game strategy etc., “I answer every letter that comes to me, whoever writes.” He believes the game will continue to grow in popularity and that the sport will continue to get better and better and the talent (players) will continue to get better and better. The author is extremely passionate about baseball, however it is not just a hobby it is an important part of his everyday life which is evidenced by this article he wrote for the newspaper The Times.
Young, N. E. "Season of 1897." Morning Times [Washington D.C.] 4 Apr. 1897: 4. The Library of Congress. Web. 7 Mar. 2016.
Business
The depression of the 1890s weakened the economy and contributed to the serious recession that took place in the upcoming years. The availability of jobs in industries attracted people who were coming from a farm background. Many of the types of businesses contrasted, especially with the different consumers they had. The wealthy, middle-class, and the underprivileged all worked together to support the rise of this new industrial reform. Although, many were skeptical about the wealthy having a lot of control of big businesses, this did not stop the middle-class or lower class from participating. There were many beginning difficulties with this change of the country, such as “one response to the series of failures and bankruptcies was an upsurge in business consolidations.” A panic soared the nation and many feared the further fall or collapse of the nation. As the people of the country felt this, so did the foreigners, such as the Europeans. Many Europeans pulled their support from America in spite of the panic. Public confidence played a huge role in this panic that took place, and even altered the effect of the economy without the people being conscious of this. Without the support from families and individuals, the nation exhibited the effects of a weak-willed country. There’s a lasting effect that this chaos can have on societies within a country, such as the downfall of big businesses. The start of businesses become harder, as banks went bankrupt and people lacked the confidence in the system.The Reading Railroad was a major eastern railroad line that collapsed due to the bankruptcies that took place. Soon it plummeted and dug a deep hole which further increased the depression of the country.
“Panic of 1893.” US History. 2016 History, 13 June 2007..Web. 7 Mar. 2016
<http://www.u-shistory.com/pages/h792.html>.
Industrialization and reform in the American manufacturing “rose from $3 billion to $13 billion between 1869 and 1910.” This industrial growth had major effects on American life, especially that relating to business. A new business system centered on profitable cities in which businesses settled, and made products in large quantities. The value of goods increased during this time period, and increased their production methods. Unlike “the pre-Civil War economy, this new one was dependent on raw materials from around the world and it sold goods in global markets.” The new business boom sprang throughout the country and affected the relations with bankers, consumers, and the products being constructed and distributed. Businesses required many workers such as construction workers, bankers, owners, and employees to increase the revenue, as well as support the means of that business. Between 1890 and 1929, the “average urban worker put in one less day of work a week and brought home three times as much in pay.” Before the revitalization of businesses, many families and individuals were living on farms. They were doing very difficult manual labour which furthered the country into the reform of industrialization. Many things before 1890 were viewed as impossible, or unmanageable until people started to see changes actually taking place. In 1888, “Charles E. Perkins, the president of the Chicago, Burlington, and Quincy Railroad asked: Have not the great merchants, great manufacturers, great inventors, done more for the world than preachers and philanthropists?” The author mentions that many people were anxious of businesses that were big, they seemed to have a fearful effect on people. This was a process that many had to go through, and because of it, we have grown so much industrially as a nation.
“The Rise of Big Business.” Digital History. Digital History, 7 July 2005. Web. 7 Mar. 2016
<http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/disp_textbook.cfm?smtID=2&psid=3165>.